Pierre Jules CĂ©sar Janssen, also known as Jules Janssen, was a French astronomer who, along with the English scientist Joseph Norman Lockyer, is credited with discovering the gaseous nature of the solar chromosphere, and with some justification the element helium. Pierre Janssen studied mathematics and physics at the faculty of sciences. He taught at the LycĂ©e Charlemagne in 1853, and in the school of architecture 1865 â 1871, but